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15 May 2026

Posted by: Aashayein Judiciary

Specific Relief Act 1963 for Judiciary Exams Specific Performance, Injunction & Rectification Explained

If you are preparing for judiciary exams, the Specific Relief Act 1963 is one topic you simply cannot skip. It appears in almost every state judiciary exam, whether it is PCSJ, APO, or civil judge recruitment. The good news is that once you understand the basic structure and key concepts, scoring well on this topic becomes much easier. This blog breaks down the Specific Relief Act 1963 for judiciary exams in a simple, easy-to-follow way. We will cover the important....

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01 May 2026

Posted by: Aashayein Judiciary

Pleadings under CPC: Order 6 Rules, Fundamental Rules, Amendment and Trial Objections

If you are preparing for judiciary exams, one topic that you simply cannot skip is pleadings under CPC. Pleadings form the very foundation of a civil suit. Before any arguments are made, before any evidence is presented, the parties in a case must first lay down their claims and defences in writing. This written exchange between the parties is what we call 'pleadings.' Understanding what pleadings are, what rules govern them, how they can be amended, and what happens when....

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30 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein Judiciary

Crack Evidence Law: BSA 2023 Primary & Secondary Evidence (Sections 56–73)

When you go to court, you need to prove your case. And one of the most important ways to do that is through documents. A contract, a letter, a photograph, an email — all of these can be documents used as evidence in court. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) replaced the old Indian Evidence Act, 1872. It now governs how documents are proved in court. Understanding BSA 2023 proof of documents is very important for judiciary aspirants because this....

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28 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein

Character Evidence in BSA 2023: Civil vs Criminal Cases (Sections 47–55) Simplified

When a case reaches the court, a natural question often comes up: does the character of the accused or the plaintiff matter? Can a judge be told that the accused is a violent person, or that the plaintiff has a bad reputation? The law under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA 2023) gives a structured answer to this. Character Evidence Under BSA 2023 is covered from Sections 47 to 55. These provisions replace the old Sections 52 to 55 of....

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25 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein

BNSS 2023: Compounding of Offences under Section 359 Compoundable vs Non-Compoundable

When a crime is committed, most people assume that only the police and the court decide what happens next. But that is not always true. In some cases, the victim and the accused can come to a mutual agreement and settle the matter without going through a full trial. This process is called compounding of offences. Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which replaced the old Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), Section 359 deals with this concept. It....

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20 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein

BNSS 2023: Discharge and Framing of Charges under Sections 239 to 246

When a person is accused of a crime in India, the journey from police investigation to an actual trial does not happen automatically. There is an important step in between: the stage of framing of charges and discharge. This is where a court decides whether the case is strong enough to go to trial or whether the accused should be set free at the pre-trial stage itself. With the introduction of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which has....

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18 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein

Delimitation Bill in Lok Sabha: Reservation for Women and Increase in Number of Seats

India's Parliament recently witnessed a major legislative event. The 131st Constitution Amendment Bill 2026 was introduced in the Lok Sabha, proposing two significant changes: reservation for women in legislatures by 2029 and an increase in the number of seats in the Lok Sabha. However, the Bill was defeated on the floor of the House. This blog breaks down what the Bill proposed, why it failed, and what the background of delimitation in India looks like. What Was the 131st Constitution....

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17 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein

BNSS 2023: First Information Report under Section 173 Registration Obligation, Zero FIR and Anticipatory Bail Interplay

When a crime takes place, the first official step in the criminal justice process is the registration of a First Information Report, commonly known as an FIR. This document sets the entire legal machinery into motion. With the introduction of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, the law governing FIR registration has been overhauled. The old Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) has been replaced, and Section 173 BNSS now governs how FIRs are filed, who can file them, and....

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15 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein

BNS 2023: Unlawful Assembly, Rioting & Affray Explained (Sections 189–197)

When a group of people gathers with a common unlawful purpose, it does not just threaten one person. It threatens the peace and safety of the entire society. This is what the law calls an offence against public tranquility. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) deals with such offences under Chapter XI, covering Sections 189 to 197. These provisions replaced Chapter VIII of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, which covered Sections 141 to 160. The updated framework gives law enforcement....

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13 Apr 2026

Posted by: Aashayein

BNS 2023 Guide: Understanding Document Fraud & Property Marks

India's criminal law underwent a major transformation when the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC). The BNS came into force on 1st July 2024. It kept the core structure of the IPC largely intact but made several important changes in language, arrangement, and scope. One of the important chapters in the BNS is Chapter XVIII, which deals with offences relating to documents and property marks. This chapter is crucial for judiciary aspirants because forgery,....

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