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Introduction The Supreme Court, in this case, addressed the admissibility of a FIR when the informant dies a natural death before trial. The Court held that such a FIR is not substantive evidence unless it qualifies as a dying declaration under Section 32 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872(Now Section 26 of BSA,2023). It ruled that an investigating officer cannot prove the contents of the FIR in such circumstances. Facts of the Case The appellant’s daughter was married to the....
Read MoreThe dispute arose when Lata, a postgraduate student, voluntarily married Bramha Nand Gupta, which angered her brothers as it was an inter-caste marriage. In retaliation, her brothers falsely accused her husband and his relatives of kidnapping, leading to their arrests and legal proceedings. Despite Lata affirming in court that she had married of her own free will, her brothers continued to pursue legal action, including obtaining warrants and filing a protest petition. Additionally, Lata and her husband’s family faced continuous....
Read MoreBench of Justice Abhay S Oka and Justice N Kotiswar Singh Introduction The Supreme Court, in this case, ruled that an arrest is illegal if the arrested person is not informed of the grounds for arrest as mandated under Article 22(1) of the Indian Constitution. The Court held that in such cases, the accused must be granted bail despite statutory restrictions. It further emphasized that magistrates must ensure compliance with constitutional safeguards during remand proceedings. Facts of the Case The petitioner,....
Read MoreBench of Justices Abhay S. Oka and Ujjal Bhuyan Introduction: The Supreme Court clarified the interpretation of Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, stating that a director who is "in charge of" a company and one who is "responsible to" the company for its business operations are distinct legal aspects. The Court emphasized that both conditions must be present in a complaint to hold someone liable under this section. Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Deals with the....
Read MoreThe petitioner filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) raising concerns about the dominance of multinational corporations in India's pharmaceutical industry. These corporations, originally based in countries such as the U.S.A., U.K., Germany, Sweden, Japan, and France, were alleged to have vast financial resources and generate enormous profits. The petitioner argued that the Indian government exercised minimal control over these foreign corporations, allowing them to exploit the Indian market, particularly given the country's high vulnerability to diseases. The petitioner referred to....
Read MoreSeveral High Courts across the country have ruled that denying wages at rates prescribed under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 amounts to a violation of constitutional protection against forced labour. The Kerala High Court held that prisoners should be paid wages in accordance with the rates fixed under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. Additionally, the court rejected the request to deduct the cost of food and clothing from these wages. Similarly, the Gujarat High Court upheld the same principle, ruling....
Read MoreBench of Justices BV Nagarathna and Satish Chandra Sharma Introduction: The Supreme Court ruled in favor of a woman seeking maintenance from her second husband, despite her first marriage not being legally dissolved. The Court emphasized that a formal decree of dissolution is not mandatory for a woman to claim maintenance under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C. (now Section 144 of BNSS,2023) if the parties are de facto separated. Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cr.P.C.): Provides for maintenance to....
Read MoreThe case involves a student from Baptist College, Kohima (the Respondent) and her lecturer (the Appellant). The Appellant frequently visited the Respondent’s home and confessed his love for her. Believing his assurances of marriage, the Respondent entered into a physical relationship with him and later became pregnant. Fearing social stigma, she pressured him to marry her. In response, the Appellant performed a symbolic marriage ritual at his home by applying sindur (vermilion) to her forehead, making her believe they were....
Read MoreThe Bench of Justices Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta Introduction The Supreme Court quashed criminal proceedings in a cruelty and dowry harassment case, emphasizing that criminal laws should not be misused for personal vendettas. It urged caution in handling cases under Section 498-A IPC(Now Section 85 of BSA, 2023) and the Dowry Prohibition Act to prevent misuse. Section 498A of the IPC: Criminalizes cruelty by a husband or his relatives toward the wife, with penalties of up to 3 years' imprisonment....
Read MoreThe People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) filed a case challenging Section 33B of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. This section stated that, regardless of any court ruling or Election Commission directive, an election candidate was not required to disclose any information beyond what the Act specifically mandated. Earlier, in the case of Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms (2002), the Supreme Court had ruled that voters have a right to know details about candidates, such....
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